Don't rely on multiple incomplete textbooks that contradict each other-fill in all the gaps in your grammar knowledge with one go-to guide. Only The perfect English Grammar Workbook gives you key exceptions, common grammar mistakes, thousands of real-world examples, and hundreds of grammar quizzes designed to help you retain what you've learned.
With Complete English Grammar Rules, you'll be able to: - Quickly master basic English grammar and tackle more advanced topics. Become a more effective writer and communicator in school, at work, and in everyday conversation.
The Perfect English Grammar Workbook is a concise, entertaining workbook and guide to English grammar, punctuation, and usage. Learn to master the useful but tricky skill of how to choose the right article or determiner As a non-native speaker of English, you may have trouble with determiners because, unlike true adjectives, the choice of which article, demonstrative, or quantifier to use is dependent on both the meaning and the grammatical form of the particular noun they modify.
Practice Makes Perfect: English Articles and Determiners Up Close helps you untangle this grammar puzzle with clear explanations of how they should be treated and used. And of course you will get hundreds of exercise opportunities to practice, practice, practice your new skills. Master English verb forms If you're looking for help memorizing English verb conjugations, any English verb book will do.
The ideal reference and workbook for advanced beginning to intermediate ESL learners, Practice Makes Perfect: English Verbs shows you when and why to use certain verb tenses and gives you plenty of examples, increasing your confidence in choosing the right word.
Thanks to the proven Practice Makes Perfect format, you will learn to master English verbs in no time at all. With Practice Makes Perfect: English Verbs, you will: Understand when and why to use different verb tenses Learn how verbs work with everyday examples from a wide range of topics Build your verb skills with more than engaging exercises New!
It boasts plenty of opportunities for practicing your language skills, as well as extensive examples based on a conversational style that will keep you engaged. The book also features a unique answer key that gives you more than just a listing of correct answers; it clues you in on the "why" behind them.
Master English grammar through hands-on exercises and practice, practice, practice! Practice Makes Perfect: Intermediate English Grammar for ESL Learners helps you take your English grammar skills to a higher level and gives you the confidence to speak and write in your new language. Everyone wants to produce writing that is clear, concise, and grammatically accurate, but getting to that point is not always easy. If you've ever had difficulty finding the right phrase to complete a simple sentence or have struggled to put a complicated thought into words, The Only Grammar and Style Workbook You'll Ever Need is for you.
In this book, grammar savant Susan Thurman guides you through the complexities of spelling, usage, and style in the English language. Her comprehensive drills show you how to: Find the right words Identify the parts of speech Recognize elements of a good sentence Avoid common grammatical and punctuation mistakes Write clearly and directly With more than exercises and in-depth lessons, this workbook will quickly become your go-to resource for all your writing needs.
Expert linguist Grant Barrett gives you all the tools you need to improve your everyday communication--from perfecting your punctuation to polishing your speaking skills--with his accessible, go-to grammar guide. Language learners of all levels can turn to this easy-to-navigate grammar guide again and again for quick and authoritative information. The Perfect English Grammar Workbook. Learn to communicate exactly what you mean with this writing and speaking guide.
From conjugating verbs to mastering punctuation to polishing your speaking skills, Perfect English Grammar makes it easier than ever to improve your grasp of Whether you're preparing for a college entrance exam or making a business presentation, better grammar will give you an edge.
Sharpen your written and verbal communication skills with this practical guide! This clearly written guide leads you through the entire system of English grammar using concise, easy-to-understand language. The book features clear explanations, skill-building exercises, and a focus on practical conversational skills. This is where the English Grammar Workbook steps in! You're at the right place because this workbook is ideal for all levels to fulfill their desires and hone the craft of speaking and writing flawless English!
Practice is the key to improving your grammar skills, and that's what this workbook is all about. Exercises, quizzes, and more-This grammar workbook is filled with handy practice exercises and quizzes that will help you test what you've learned. Buy this book now. Announcing an innovative, new, practical reference grammar, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume.
It is the ideal reference grammar at advanced secondary level and above. The Perfect English Grammar Workbook is a complete explanation of standard American English and an irreplaceable resource for students, ESL learners, and anyone else who's serious about mistake-free speaking and writing. Easy to use--Find quick answers to your English grammar questions using text boxes and the expanded index in the back of the book.
The English Grammar Workbook for Grades 3, 4, and 5 is perfect for parents looking to build their child's understanding of grammar and supplement what they're already learning in school.
Each section of this book includes numerous exercises to help you incorporate English verbs into your writing and speech. This workbook features tons of helpful exercises designed to help you learn English grammar quickly and effectively. This book includes thought-provoking and entertaining reading selections consisting mainly of aphorisms and proverbs.
The book also features a unique answer key that gives you more than just a listing of correct answers; it clues you in on the "why" behind them. With just a little practice every day, you'll be speaking correctly, writing confidently, and getting the recognition you deserve at work or at school.
Hundreds of practice exercises and helpful explanations Explanations mirror teaching methods and classroom protocols Focused, modular content presented in step-by-step lessons English Grammar Workbook For Dummies will empower you to structure sentences correctly, make subject and verbs agree, and use tricky punctuation marks such as commas, semicolons, and apostrophes without fear.
Do you wish to sharpen your English grammar to be able to improve your communication? English is a diverse language, and mastering, it could be a real challenge. But don't worry because you need a little push in the right direction and practice to be able to communicate better. Imagine always being clear, concise, and grammatically correct! Imagine having a complete resource that can make you a perfect English speaker within no time?
Imagine being finally able to write fluently while crafting cover letters, emails, and personal messages? This is where the English Grammar Workbook steps in! You're at the right place because this workbook is ideal for all levels to fulfill their desires and hone the craft of speaking and writing flawless English! Whether you're an expert or a beginner - there are always new things to learn about the English language. The best way to improve your English is to get the basics right!
This is what this workbook is all about. It helps you get your basics right and empowers you with the right knowledge. Every aspect of honing the English language is included in this book as it offers exercises that follow techniques that become a natural part of your thought process.
One Step at a Time Why overwhelm yourself with complicated grammar books when you can take things one step at a time? One type of noun phrase is an appositive phrase, where the subject is defined or restated, usually right after it. In the first sentence, the aside set off by commas adds a bit of nonessential information about Guthrie. In the second sentence, we are naming him, as I have more than one son and it is a way of specifying which son I mean.
Another type of noun phrase is a gerund phrase, which is made from a verb but behaves like a noun. They do not include the subject. Verb phrases can sometimes behave like adjectives or adverbs. They contain a preposition and the object of the preposition see section These phrases can act like adjectives and adverbs. It finishes the idea started by the subject or object or a verb. A subject complement comes after a linking verb see section 6.
An object complement, usually a noun or adjective or words behaving like one, refers to a direct object see section 5. A verb complement supplements the understanding of another verb. In other 1. We do this three ways: With noun clauses: He knew she had finished. With infinitives: I want to finish this. With gerunds: I thought swimming in the dark would be fun.
Verbs form or lead into the predicate see section 5. The person of a verb is signaled by pronoun choice and verb endings. First person means the speaker is also the subject. The pronouns I, me, mine, my, we, our, ours, and us are common in the first person. Second person means the speaker is talking directly to someone who is probably present.
The pronouns you and yours are common in the second person. Third person means the subject is not present and the speaker is not speaking directly to them. The pronouns he, her, hers, him, his, it, its, she, them, and they are common in the third person.
We have either a singular subject just one or a plural subject two or more. Mass nouns, which act as a singular subject even though they refer to lots of things, take the singular conjugation. Simple actions are completed at an unknown time. Progressive actions continue. Perfect actions were known to be completed in the past.
Perfect progressive actions were known to be continuous in the past. Past progressive is for actions that happened continuously but were interrupted.
Past perfect is for actions that happened but were finished before a specific time. This was traditionally called the pluperfect. Past perfect progressive is for actions that happened continuously but then stopped happening continuously at a specific time. Present progressive actions are continuously happening now. Present perfect actions started and finished in the past at an unspecified time but are relevant to the present.
Present perfect progressive is for actions that were continuously happening in the past and are still happening now. Will forms tend to be about a promise, intention, or voluntary action. Going to forms tend to be about plans or a certain future. Simple future says that a specific event will happen at a specific time. I am going to eat.
I am going to call. I am going to read. I am going to be eating. I am going to be calling. I am going to be reading. Future perfect says that at a certain future time, a specific event will have happened.
I am going to have eaten. I am going to have called. I am going to have read. Future perfect progressive says that at a certain future time, a continuous event will have been happening. I will have been going to eat. I will have been going to call. I will have been going to read. Instead, it refers to whether or not something is a fact.
Indicative mood tells us things that are true. It is by far the most common. Subjunctive mood suggests possibility, wishes, or hypotheticals, especially in contradiction to what is true. The subjunctive has been on a long, slow decline in English. Where the subjunctive has traditionally been used, it is now often replaced by what appears to be the simple present or simple past.
I say appears, because what we may be seeing is not the vanishing of the subjunctive, but instead a simplification of its forms. In other words, it still functions as the subjunctive, but it takes the same form as other tenses. For example, both of these sentences suggest a hypothetical situation, even though their verb forms are different. Imperative mood makes a verb into a command. Instead, it has to do with who or what is performing or doing the verb.
Active voice is used when the subject performs the verb and appears in front of the verb. Passive voice uses a different word order to put the direct object before the verb, and the subject after the verb. The words passive and active here are different from their non-linguistic meanings. Both active and passive voices are essential to everyday writing and speaking. Broadside suggestions that you should avoid the passive voice are misguided and should be ignored.
The only other valid complaint about passive voice is that it makes readers and listeners work a little bit harder to understand what is being said. We can understand it, but the active voice may be a better way to write it. Some people have mistakenly been taught that forms of the verbs to be or to have usually indicate the passive voice.
This is sometimes the case but is not a valid indicator of what is truly passive voice. This change is conjugation, which we do by adding inflections. What form the conjugation takes depends upon the person and tense of the verb. There are three main regular ways to conjugate verbs: now, in the past, and as continuous action. The infinitive form in English is this conjugation with to before it: to eat, to swim, to live, and so on. This creates the past participle, which is used in the past and perfect tenses.
Words formed with this inflection often behave like adjectives and can modify other words. It is used in the present progressive tense and similar forms and is called the present participle. He is trying to find a seat. This conjugation also creates the gerund section 5. Note that if the gerund is preceded by a pronoun, the possessive form is the best choice.
In good writing, action verbs can make the reader feel emotions, see scenes more vividly, and accurately know what is happening. Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive. Transitive verbs have a direct object, which is the thing or person being acted upon by the verb. Intransitive verbs do not act upon anything.
They may be followed by an adjective, adverb, preposition, or another part of speech. In their simplest form, they connect the subject and the sentence complement—that is, the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows the linking verb. They link them together instead of showing action. The linguistic term for this connection is copula. Often, what is on each side of a linking verb is equivalent; the complement redefines or restates the subject.
Some verbs in the following list often act as linking verbs but can also be action verbs. To figure out if they are acting as linking verbs, try replacing them with forms of to be. She appears ready for the election. She is ready for the election. The food seemed spoiled. The food was spoiled. He acted surprised about the gift. He was surprised about the gift.
You look exhausted. You are exhausted. The auxiliary verbs are be, have, and do. They are used in the continuous progressive and perfect tenses. In the progressive tenses, the auxiliary verb be and its conjugated forms are part of the construction that shows that the action is or was happening continuously. In the perfect tenses, the auxiliary verb have and its conjugated forms are used to indicate a continuous action that is finished and to indicate actions that are continuously happening but have not finished yet.
Do is an especially common auxiliary verb that is used to ask questions, to express negation, to provide emphasis, and more. Do is used for questions in the simple present and simple past. Do is used in the negative imperative, which is when you tell someone not to do something. Do is used for emphasis, usually in a situation where there has been some doubt about the truth. If you were reading these sentences aloud, you would put a lot of emphasis on the form of do.
They assist the main verb in suggesting ability, possibility, potential, expectation, permission, and obligation. When used with the main verb, modal verbs do not end with -s for the third-person singular. I may not want to see you again later. They must give their time to a worthy cause. She should tell him exactly how she feels. Would you open the door for me?
A characteristic of modals is that they are used in inverted forms when a statement becomes a question. Can we come to the party? Will he go to the party? There are three verbs that behave like modals some of the time, but like main verbs the rest of the time: dare, need to, and used to.
While they are especially common in the Appalachian and Southern dialects of American English, they should be avoided in formal and academic speech and writing.
Generally, they show their Germanic roots, and they come from a time before spelling was as regularized as it is today. It would be impossible to make a full account of all the variations of irregularly inflected English verbs in a work of this brief scope, but you will find them fully detailed in most dictionaries.
The most common irregular verb in English is to be. This leads to such offenses as There existed no more cereal in the cabinet. The present participle of to be is being and the past participle is been. Following is a chart of other irregular verbs, with the most common at the top. Most of the confusion, however, comes from the past tense of to lie being lay, which is the root form of to lay. Additionally, there seems to be some confusion about the fact that to lay is usually transitive, meaning that something must be laid a direct object , and to lie is intransitive, meaning that nothing can be lied.
Good: She is lying on the bed. Good: She lay on the bed yesterday. Good: She had lain on the bed all weekend. Bad: Lie the pillows on the bed.
Good: Lay the pillows on the bed. Bad: Yesterday she lay the pillows on the bed. Good: Yesterday she laid the pillows on the bed. Bad: She had laid on the bed until her neck hurt. Good: She had lain on the bed until her neck hurt. The British tend to use got in both cases. While it is very common, it is best avoided in formal writing and speaking.
For example: Bad: We stood on the steps and chatted. Then you kiss me and I kiss you back. We both sighed. Then she kissed me and I kissed her back.
Then she kisses me and I kiss her back. We both sigh. Usually this happens because the writer is attempting to recreate the messiness of spoken speech. Many times the writer will characterize this mixed-up speech as stream of consciousness. However, written language is almost always far more structured and consistent than spoken language, even in written dialog, and even though people do not actually speak in a structured, consistent way. Plus, Joyce had a very good editor, which most of us do not have.
Our brains process the written word and the spoken word in very different ways, and the spoken word is far easier to understand when it is a mess than the written word is.
So, to be on the safe side, if the action all happens at the same time and place with the same people, stick to consistent verb tenses and verb persons. There are appropriate writing situations in which to change tense, such as when reporting on something that has happened, predicting something that will happen, discussing possibilities, or when dialog and narration are written together.
You may read academic writing written in the present, past, and historical present tenses, or a mix of all three. It is said that books, paintings, films, and other creative works exist in an eternal present, and should therefore be described in the present tense. For most nonfiction or academic writing, use the present tense to relay facts and the past tense to relay actions. In fiction, you are free to use whatever tense you prefer, but be aware that the past tense is far more customary and less likely to distract readers from your writing.
Adichie explores the complex class and economic issues of her era. Blue Highways was originally published in Experts now believe many illnesses are made worse by stress. This uses verbs conjugated as if they are the present tense in past tense situations.
This type of idiom is known as a phrasal verb. Some phrasal verbs can put the object either right after the verb or right after the whole phrase. Determiners modify nouns by limiting how specific or general they are. They come at the beginning of noun phrases.
Usually, a noun phrase has just one determiner. If there is more than one, they have a natural order. Not all determiners can be used together. Quantifiers tell us how much or how many, including certain uses of numbers. These are what, which, and whose. What movie should we see tonight? Which tree is a maple? Whose jacket is this? A common noun is a word that indicates a person, place, thing, or idea.
A proper noun is a specific one of those. Among its other roles, a noun is often the subject of a sentence—the thing that is doing the verb—or it can be the object—the thing that is being acted upon by the subject.
Bicycle is a noun modifying the noun tire to tell us what kind of tire it is, and air is a noun modifying the noun leak to tell us what kind of leak it is.
By idiomatic I mean they behave as a unit and, to a lesser or greater degree, amount to more than the sum of their parts. The third and fourth are closed compounds: the space between the words has been removed, but we still have an understanding of each half as an independent word that contributes its own meaning. The last two are hyphenated. As you can see, in some cases a compound includes more than two words. Especially in North American English, the slow trend is for more compounds to be closed, and for far fewer hyphenated forms to be used, even over recent decades.
Among style guides and dictionaries, you will find wide variability. For example, these are the preferred forms of several related compounds from a bunch of different dictionaries.
In many cases, the first noun of a compound began as an attributive noun, which acts like an adjective in describing the second noun of the pair. The widespread decrease of hyphenation is unfortunate, as it is very much needed in some modifying compounds.
These are not academic distinctions, either, but widespread difficulties caused by the absence of hyphenation. Take this wording from a box of plastic bags my wife and I found in the store: 30 gallon bags Because there was no hyphenation, there was a chance we could be confused. These constructions are often awkward and, if overused, can be confusing.
That association can also be expressed through the use of an attributive noun, where the noun is behaving like an adjective: Orchard Road man. The team is playing as never before. The team are playing as never before. If the individual members of a collective noun are not acting together, you can use the plural verb form with the collective noun as if it were a normal plural.
As fun as they are, many of the items exist only on those lists. They are not used in normal prose. They are known as stunt words, which means language created to amuse or impress. Count nouns are usually discrete items that can be counted and made plural by adding -s. Count nouns can take an article: a, an, the.
0コメント